The research group explores how physical stimuli influence cellular signalling pathways and, in turn, regulate cell behaviour. The focus lies on two key technologies: electrical stimulation, which relies on bioelectrically induced signals, and cold physical plasma, which affects cells via reactive molecular species.

Electrical stimulation is a promising method in regenerative medicine, particularly for bone regeneration. It involves the controlled application of electric fields or currents to modulate cellular activity. When optimally applied, electrical stimulation can enhance the production of bone matrix components such as collagen and bone minerals. This effect is mediated by the activation of specific biochemical signalling cascades, including the expression of growth factors and the mobilisation of calcium ions (Ca²⁺)-both crucial for bone formation.

This approach is being intensively studied within the framework of the Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) 1270/2 ELAINE, which is dedicated to the development of electrically active implants for bone and cartilage regeneration. A key research focus is the effect of alternating current stimulation on cells, especially in combination with functionalised material surfaces. Particular emphasis is placed on deciphering the underlying cellular signalling pathways and their mechanisms of action.

Another promising research field is plasma medicine, which focuses on the medical application of plasma—the fourth state of matter. Cold atmospheric plasma generates a complex mixture of biologically active components, including reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, charged particles, and ultraviolet radiation. These agents exhibit potent antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects.

Plasma is already clinically established in the treatment of chronic wounds, where it promotes tissue regeneration and efficiently eliminates pathogens. Beyond wound healing, emerging evidence from oncology suggests that plasma can selectively damage cancer cells while largely sparing surrounding healthy tissue. In research projects such as Onkother-H and under the CCC-MV funding initiative, we are exploring how the therapeutic potential of plasma can be enhanced through combinatorial approaches—in particular, by combining plasma treatment with small molecules or ionising radiation. The goal is to identify synergistic effects that improve tumour control and allow for more targeted modulation of tissues.

Despite their considerable potential, the clinical application of both electrical stimulation and plasma medicine is still under development. A deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms of action is essential to further optimise these technologies for therapeutic use.

To this end, our current research focuses on:

1. Cell physiology and behaviour
   - cytotoxicity, proliferation, apoptosis
   - cell morphology (incl. microvilli)
   - adhesion, migration
   - cell-cell contacts
2. Intracellular signalling
   - signal transduction (e.g. via Ca²⁺ signals, membrane potential)
   - Protein quantification
   - Dynamics of protein localisation (translocation)
3. External influences
   - Combined effects of electrical stimulation and charged surfaces
   - Combined effects of atmospheric pressure plasma and small molecules or ionising radiation